ịghasa :

A ịghasa bụ ụdị fastener, na ụzọ ụfọdụ yiri a kpọchie, a mere nke metal, na ji a helical riiji, mara dị ka a  nwoke na eri  (mpụga eri). Kposara na-eji ime osooso ihe site na-egwu ala na na wedging n'ime a ihe onwunwe mgbe agbanwuru, mgbe na eri he grooves na ekekọtara ihe nwere ike inyere esiri ekekọtara ihe ọnụ ma na-gbochie esiri-esi. E nwere ọtụtụ kposara maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe; ndị ọtụtụ kpọgidere site kposara na-agụnye osisi, mpempe akwụkwọ metal, ma plastic.

A ịghasa ga-emekarị nwere a  isi  na otu ọgwụgwụ na e dere a akpan kpụrụ udi na-enye ohere ya laghachi, ma ọ bụ  chụpụrụ , na a ngwá ọrụ. Common ngwaọrụ nke na-akwọ ụgbọala kposara na-agụnye screwdrivers na napụtara. The isi bụ na-emekarị ibu karịa ahụ nke ịghasa, nke na-eme ndị ịghasa si a chụpụrụ miri karịa ogologo nke ịghasa na inye a  na-amị n'elu. 

Wood ịghasa:

Early osisi kposara e mere site n'aka, na a usoro nke faịlụ, chisels, na ndị ọzọ na ọnwụ ngwá ọrụ, na ndị a nwere ike ahụrụ mfe site arịba ama na oge ufodu spacing na udi nke eri, nakwa dị ka faịlụ akara fọdụrụ na isi nke ịghasa na na ebe n'etiti eri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a kposara nwere a masịrị njedebe, kpamkpam kọrọ nkọ tapered isi fọrọ nke nta niile n'oge a osisi kposara. N'ikpeazụ, lathes e ji Nlụpụta osisi kposara, na ndị mbụ patent a na-e dere na 1760 na England. N'oge 1850s swaging ngwaọrụ e mepụtara na-enye a ọzọ edo na-agbanwe agbanwe na eri. Kposara na a ngwaọrụ nwere ahazi ndagwurugwu na-egbusi na ike ike eri. Ụfọdụ osisi kposara e mere na ịcha dies dị ka n'oge dị mbubreyo 1700s (ikekwe ọbụna tupu 1678 mgbe akwụkwọ ọdịnaya mbụ e bipụtara na akụkụ).

Ozugbo ịghasa mbịne igwe nọ nkịtị were, ọtụtụ maka azụmahịa osisi kposara na-emepụta na usoro a. Ndị a ịkpụ osisi kposara na-fọrọ nke nta invariably tapered, na ọbụna mgbe tapered shank abụghị doro anya, ha nwere ike ghọtara n'ihi na eri na-ịgbatị gara aga na dayameta nke shank. Dị otú ahụ kposara na-kacha mma arụnyere mgbe-egwu ala a pilot oghere na a tapered malite ịgba bit. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime oge a osisi kposara, e wezụga ihe ndị mere na nke ọla, na-guzobere na eri inyefe ígwè ọrụ. Ndị a kposara nwere a mgbe nile na-n'obosara, eri na a ibu dayameta karịa shank, na ha dị ike n'ihi na Rolling usoro adịghị bee ọka nke metal.

Ọ bụla chọrọ biko kpọtụrụ anyị.